狀語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較(或方式)和條件等類。

1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)連詞有when、while、till、not…until、since、after、before、 as soon as

The bus won’t start until everybody gets on.(公共汽車(chē)直到每人都上車(chē)為止，才開(kāi)動(dòng)。)

When he knocked at the door I was cooking.(當(dāng)他敲門(mén)時(shí)，我正在煮飯。)

Last night before he came back home, his wife had already cooked dinner and waited for 2 hours. (昨天晚上在他回到家之前，他的妻子已經(jīng)做好晚飯足足等了他兩小時(shí)之久。

2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句通常由where、wherever引導(dǎo)。

Where there is a will, there is a way.(哪里有志向，哪里就有出路。有志者事竟成)。

Where there is a life, there is a hope.(哪里有生命，哪里就有希望留得青山在，不怕沒(méi)柴燒。)

Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.(不管你去哪里，不管你做什么，我都會(huì)在此守侯你。)

3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)連詞有because、as、since

He didn′t see the film because he had seen it.(他沒(méi)有看那部電影，因?yàn)樗�已�?jīng)看過(guò)了。)

比較：because、since、as和for

1)because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。

I didn't go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2)由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號(hào)，則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

注意：

because不能和so連用。

4.目的狀語(yǔ)從句

He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.(他必須早起，以便能趕上第一輛公共汽車(chē)。)

He repainted the house so that he could welcome the guests.

So that …——以便/以致……

例如：(1)They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.

(2)They started early so that they caught the early bus.

注意：

在例句(1)中,是引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ);在例句(2)中，是引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)講，從句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的，為目的狀語(yǔ)。無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的，為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句號(hào)

引導(dǎo)連詞有that、so…that…、such….that

The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.(這個(gè)盒子如此沉，以致我無(wú)法抬起來(lái)。)

such+名詞性詞組+that…

So+形容詞/副詞+that…——如此……以致……

例如：(1)She is such a good teacher that we all love her.

(2)It was such a hot day that they didn’t go out for a walk as usual.

注意：

1.such+a+形容詞+名詞+that…，可以改寫(xiě)成：so+形容詞+a+名詞+that…，例句(1)可以改寫(xiě)成：She is so good a teacher that we all love her.

2.在such+形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+that…結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞如果是many/few或much/little時(shí)，用so不用such，即：so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that…，so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that…

(1)There are so many people in the room that I can’t get in.

(2)The man has so much money that he can buy a car.

6.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

引導(dǎo)連詞有though、although、even though/if、 whatever、however

Although he is young，he knows a lot of things.(雖然他年齡小，但卻認(rèn)識(shí)許多事物。)

Even though you don’t like him, you still have to be polite.

Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.

注意：

although、though不能和but連用。

7.比較（方式）狀語(yǔ)從句以than為引導(dǎo)連詞

常見(jiàn)連詞(as)…as.., …than…; the…, the…

Jim is older than Lucy(is).(吉姆比路希年長(zhǎng)。)

Skiing is more exciting than running.

The more you practice, the more knowledge you will get.

注意：

than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)常省略。

8.條件狀語(yǔ)從句以if、unless為引導(dǎo)連詞

If you eat bad food，you may be ill.(如果你吃到壞了的食物，就會(huì)生病。)

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a sports meet.

注意：

主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

狀語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)的誤點(diǎn)

1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)與主句的搭配：(俗稱：主將從現(xiàn))

2)原因狀語(yǔ)從句because與because of;

Because+從句 和because of +n./ pron

例如：I was late because I didn’t catch the bus.

I was late because of the rain.

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