賓語從句講解

一、意義：在一個復(fù)合句子中，賓語是一個句子，我們把這個句子叫賓語從句。

二、賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：

主語+謂語+if/ whether/ that/ 特殊疑問詞+主語+謂語。如：

一)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：

1.He thinks that she is a good girl.

他認為她是一個好女孩兒。

2.I’m afraid that Ihave made a mistake.

我恐怕我犯了一個錯誤。

3.The reason for his absence was that he was ill.

他缺席的原因是他病了。

4.He said that he knew you.

他說他知道你。

5.He thinks that he’s the cleverest in his class.

他認為他是班上最聰明的。

6.She said in her letter that she would come next month.

她在信中說，她將會下個月來。

7.He thought that he was strong and that only he could help them.

他認為他是強壯的，并且認為只有他能幫助他們。

8.Lily said that she was at home at that time.

莉莉說那個時候她正在家里。

二)if/ whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：當后邊沒有or not時，能用if或whether;當后邊有or not時，只能用whether。

9.Could you tell me if/ whetheryour brother is a league member?

你能告訴我你的哥哥是否是一個共青團員?

10.Idon’t know if/ whether they’re talking about me.

我不知道他們是否正在談?wù)撐摇?/p>

11.Can you tell me whether the old man is alive or not?

你能告訴我那個老人是否還活著?

12.He asked me if/ whether Icould help him pick apples next week.

他問我，我是否能夠在下周幫他摘蘋果。

三)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：

13.He doesn’t know where the post office is.

他不知道郵局在哪兒。

14.He told me what I should read.

他告訴我應(yīng)該讀什么。

15.This is why we put off the meeting.

這就是為什么我推遲開會的原因。

16.Iasked him what he wanted.

我問他想要什么。

17.Can you guess who is your father talking with now?

你能猜出來你父親現(xiàn)在正在和誰談話嗎?

18.He asked me how they would finish the work.

他問我他們將怎樣完成工作。

19.Do you know when they began to teach her English?

你知道他們什么時候開始教她英語嗎?

20.They know which hospital she works in.

他們知道她在哪個醫(yī)院工作。

三、賓語從句的時態(tài)：

賓語從句的時態(tài)要和主句的時態(tài)保持一致。

一)當主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句該用什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)。如：

1.Could you tell me where you bought the toy bear?

你能告訴我了你在什么地方買的這個玩具熊嗎?

2.I wonder when we will have a meeting.

我不知道我們將什么時候開會。

二)當主句是過去時態(tài)時，從句用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。如：

1.I called my friends to see Whether they would like to go.

我給我的朋友打電話，讓他們看看他們將是否愿意來。

(主句的時態(tài)是過去時，從句里的will改成了would。)

2.Iasked him what he wanted.

我問他他想要什么。

(主句的時態(tài)是過去時態(tài)，從句里的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)改成了一般過去時態(tài)。)

四、注意事項：

1. 看語序。要確定賓語從句的語序是主語+謂語。

2. 時態(tài)。要注意主語的時態(tài)。

3. 特殊疑問詞在賓語從句中做主語時要注意語序是：特殊疑問詞+謂語。如：

Could you tell me what’s wrong with you?

Could you tell me what’s the matter with you?

Could you tell me what’s the trouble with you?

你能告訴我你怎么了嗎?

She didn't knowwhat happened to you?

她不知道你發(fā)生了什么事。

4.賓語從句中的意思表示客觀真理時，一律用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。如：

Our teacher said the earth runs around the sun.

我們老師說地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

5.注意主句是could, would等表示委婉請求的主句，其實是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，其后的賓語從句該用什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)。如：

1)Could/Would you please tell me where they’re playing cards?

請你告訴我他們正在什么地方玩牌好嗎?

2)Could you find out why he’s always late for school?

你能發(fā)現(xiàn)他為什么總是上學遲到嗎?

四、 做題時的思路：先看語序，再看時態(tài)，再看意思。

中考真題

1. (2022年黑龍江省哈爾濱市)—Could you tell me ________ on weekdays?

—I usually go to school on foot but sometimes by bike.

A. why do you go to school

B. when you went to school

C. how you go to school

2. (2022年北京市)—Do you know _________the new national park?

—Yes, I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local people

A. why did China set up

B. why China set up

C. when did China set up

D. when China set up

3.(2022年天津市)—Could you tell me ________?—It’s about 6,300 kilometres long.

A. how wide is the Changjiang River

B. how wide the Changjiang River is

C. how long is the Changjiang River

D. how long the Changjiang River is

4. (2022年海南省)—Have you decided ________ the children in the poor area?

—By sending them books and schoolbags.

A. how you will help

B. how will you help

C. when you will help

5. (2022年吉林省)—Kate, do you know______?

—In the school hall.

A. when we’ll have the English party

B. why we’ll have the English party

C. where we’ll have the English party

6.(2022年云南省)—Your stamps are so fantastic. Could you please tell me______?

—Oh,I bought them in the post office next to the bank.

A.why did you buy them

B.where did you buy them

B.why you bought them

D.where you bought them

7. (2022年重慶市A卷)-Can you tell me ______?

-Yes. In the language center.

A. where will the speech competition be held

B. where the speech competition will be held

C. when will the speech competition be held

D. when the speech competition will be held

8. (2022年重慶市B卷)—Excuse me, do you know ________?

—Yes. Next Friday.

A.when will the volunteers come back

B.when the volunteers will come back

C.how will the volunteers come back

D.how the volunteers will come back

9. (2022年遼寧省沈陽市)—Hi, Tom. Could you tell me ________?

—I’ll go there next Sunday.

A. how you will go to Beiling Park

B. when you will go to Beiling Park

C. how will you go to Beiling Park

D. when will you go to Beiling Park

10. (2022年江蘇省揚州市)—Excuse me, could you tell me ________?

—You can take No. 6 bus there. It’s about 15 minutes’ ride.

A. how far is the Slender West Lake

B. how far the Slender West Lake is

C. how can I get to the Slender West Lake

11. (2022年江蘇省宿遷市)--Jenny,do you know________ ?

--Er,next Tuesday.

A.when the sports meeting will take place

B.when will the sports meeting take place

C.where the sports meeting will take place

D.where will the sports meeting take place

12. (2022年江蘇省無錫市)—There will be a robot on show in our school next week.

—Really? I wonder ________.

A. what it likes

B. what it is like

C. what does it like

D. what is it like

13. (2022年山東省濟南市) — Excuse me. I am new here. Can you tell me ________?

— Sure. Go straight and you will see it on your left.

A.where is the nearest cinema

B. where was the nearest cinema

C. where the nearest cinema is

D. where the nearest cinema was

14. (2022年湖北省武漢市) —Can you tell me __________?

—To get practical skills.

A. what do you learn about safety

B. when do you have the art festival

C. how you balance your studies and hobbies

D. why you learn cooking at school

15. (2022年湖北省十堰市) —Could you please tell me ________ ?

—Next Sunday.

A. when I can get back my notebook

B. when can I get back my notebook

C. how long I can get back my notebook

D. how long can I get back my notebook

16. (2022年湖南省懷化市)—Do you know _______?

—She is a teacher.

A. What is Linda’s job

B. What Linda’s job is

C. What was Linda’s job

17. ---Could you tell me ___ ?

---“Rome was not built in a day.”You should try to give it enough chances to become strong.

A.why I should do to have a good memory

B.what I can do to have a good memory

C.how can I have a good memory

18. —Do you know ____ the meeting?

—Tomorrow morning.

A.when they had

B.when they are going to have

C.when did they have

D.when are they going to have

19.—Could you tell me ___yuanxiao in China?

—Usually at the Lantern Festival.

A.when do people eat

B.how do people eat

C.when people eat

D.how people eat

20.—Do you know ____?

—This afternoon.

A.when will the policeman give us a talk

B.where will the policeman give us a talk

C.when the policeman will give us a talk

D.where the policeman will give us a talk

參考答案

1-5 CBDAC 6-10 DBBBB 11-15 ABCDA 16-20 BBBBC

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