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定語從句作為初中英語的難點(diǎn)，在語篇閱讀中對定語從句的考查必不可少。因此掌握定語從句的簡單用法是非常有必要的。

在做此類試題時(shí)，首先確定先行詞是指物還是指人，指人就從that, who, whose, whom中選擇;指物就從that, which中選擇。然后再根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成分來確定到底應(yīng)該用哪一個(gè)關(guān)系詞。

1定語從句概述

在復(fù)合句中作定語的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語從句的是關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whose,whom和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分。

2關(guān)系代詞的用法

一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;which指物,在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;who在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;whom在從句中作賓語;whose在從句中作定語。

A doctor isa person who looks after a patient.

先行詞 主語　 謂語　　賓語

句意:醫(yī)生就是照顧病人的人。

1.下列情況下,先行詞指物時(shí),只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用which引導(dǎo):

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代詞時(shí)。

Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方嗎?

Tom told his mother all that had happened.湯姆把發(fā)生的一切都告訴了他的媽媽。

(2)當(dāng)先行詞前面有the only,the very,the last等修飾時(shí)。

This is the only book that I can find.這是我能找到的唯一的一本書。

(3)當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時(shí)。

This is the best book that I have ever read.這是我讀過的最好的書。

(4)當(dāng)主句是以特殊疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。

Which is the hotel that you like best?哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的旅館?

2.關(guān)系代詞的省略

一般情況下,關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略,但關(guān)系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí),不能省略。

I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我加入俱樂部的那一天。

注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語時(shí),不能省略。

Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個(gè)男孩是誰?

3關(guān)系副詞的用法

This isthe factory where my father works.

先行詞 地點(diǎn)狀語 主語 謂語

句意:這就是我爸爸工作的那個(gè)工廠。

1.when表示時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。

I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然記得你從八中畢業(yè)的那一年。

2.why表示原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,其先行詞是表示原因的reason一詞。

We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我們不知道他為什么上學(xué)遲到。

3.where表示地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

That is the school where I studied three years ago.那就是我三年前就讀的學(xué)校。

4定語從句解題技巧

Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people.

主句：Running Man is a very relaxing TV program

從句：which is popular among the young people

先行詞：TV program

關(guān)系代詞：which

因此,如果確定是考查定語從句,我們就可以排除不是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選項(xiàng)，如：what。

在此過程中要掌握“三看”原則。

(1)一看指人還是物

先行詞指人：that,who, whose, whom

先行詞指物：that, which, whose

(2)二看句中作何用

主語 who(人), which(物), that(人/物)

賓語 who/whom(人), which(物), that(人/物)

定語 whose(人/物)

狀語 where(地點(diǎn)), when(時(shí)間), why(原因)

如：My brother likes the stories ______ were written by Mark Twain because they are often humorous. 先行詞(the stories)指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,可用關(guān)系代詞which/that。

如：He is the boy ______ I talked with just now. 先行詞(the boy)指人,關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語,可用關(guān)系代詞whom/who/that/不填。

如：What‘s the name of the girl ______ father is a doctor?先行詞(the girl)指人,關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語,可用關(guān)系代詞whose。

如：I still remember the day ________ our new school was built. 從句中不缺成分,先行詞(the day)指時(shí)間,關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,可用關(guān)系副詞when。

(3)看是否是特殊情況：

練一練：

1. —What shall we do next?

—Take the advice________ is given by Dr. Bloch.

A. whoB. whichC. whose

【答案】B

【解析】先行詞advice，指物體，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which.

2.. Mr. Smith _______ is smoking is looking for______he lost yesterday.

A. whom; which B. who; what

C. that; who D. which; where

【答案】B

【解析】先行詞Mr. Smith指人，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who; 在尋找他昨天丟失的物體，從選項(xiàng)來看，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用what.

3.. Steve Jobs is one of the personsfounded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (時(shí)代).

A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /

【答案】A

【解析】從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看先行詞Steve Jobs，指人，且作主語。關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who.

4.. ---Do you know the girl ______ is talking to the headmaster over there?

---Of course. She is my sister.

A. whoB. whomC. whichD. what

【答案】A

【解析】選A。考查考查定語從句。先行詞是the girl，指人，在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。

5.Foshanis acity has averylonghistory.

AwhoseB. whichC. who

【答案】B

【解析】先行詞是Foshan，是地方，引導(dǎo)詞用which.

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