(一)英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

如: Many people speak Chinese.

謂語(yǔ):speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。

如: Chinese is spoken by many people.

主語(yǔ)English 是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。

(二)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成"。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化體現(xiàn)。以speak為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): am/ is/ are + spoken

一般過(guò)去時(shí): was / were+ spoken

一般將來(lái)時(shí): will/ shall be+ spoken

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am/is/ are being+ spoken

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were being+ spoken

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/ has been+ spoken

過(guò)去完成時(shí): had been + spoken

(三)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法，即什么時(shí)候使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

(1)不知道或沒(méi)必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。

如: Some new computers were stolen last night.

幾臺(tái)新電腦昨晚被盜了。(不知道是誰(shuí)偷的)

This bridge was founded in 1981.

這座橋竣工于1981年。(沒(méi)必要說(shuō)明執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí))

(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

如:Milk was drunk up.牛奶被喝光了。

Homework must be finished on time.

家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。

(3)常見(jiàn)句型:

It is(was) said that… 據(jù)說(shuō)……。

It is(was) reported That... 據(jù)報(bào)道……。

It is(was) agreed (believed/decided/hoped/that..... ) that.....大家同意(相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為) ....。

It is(was) well known that....眾所周知……。

It is(was) taken for granted that... 被視為當(dāng)然……。

It must be remembered that...務(wù)必記住……。

(四)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法

(1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。(如果是代詞，注意賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?

(2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+ 過(guò)去分詞) (be的形式根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定)。

(3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，(如果是代詞，主格改為賓格)

如：All the people laughed at him.

→He was laughed at by all the people.

如：They make the bikes in the factory.

→The bikes are made by them in the factory.

如：He cut down a tree.

→ A tree was cut down by him.

(五)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的mod. + do 變成mod.+be done.

如：We must finished the task in two days.

→The task must be finished in two days by us.

如：They should do it at once.

→It should be done at once.

(六)特殊情況的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

(1)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

1.五看二聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)，使役動(dòng)詞有三個(gè)，還有一個(gè)help，這些動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)省去to，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)to要加回。

如：He made the boy work for two hoursyesterday. →The boy was madetowork for two hours by him yesterday.

(2)五看二聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)，這些動(dòng)詞加doing賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況(直接帶下來(lái))。

如：I heard him singing in the next room.

→He was heard singing in the next room by me.

(3)雙賓語(yǔ)

如：Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

=Jack gave a Christmas present to Peter just now.

→(1) Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

→(2) A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

加雙賓語(yǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞pass，hand，show，give等，sb為間接賓語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，前面加to;sth為直接賓語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)直接加上去。

如果是buy，cook等加雙賓語(yǔ)情況，sb為間接賓語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，前面加for;sth為直接賓語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)直接加上去。

(仔細(xì)理解體會(huì)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的含義，雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句型可以一步到位)

(4)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(當(dāng)做一個(gè)整體，不可分割)

Theytook good care ofthe old people.

→The old people weretaken good care ofby them.

(5)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

記住兩個(gè)常考的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義的詞吧!

need doing 需要被做

be worth doing 值得被做

如：The book is worth reading.這本書(shū)值得一讀。

(七)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

(1)意思不同，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是由誰(shuí)來(lái)做的，是怎樣被做的;而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)描述人或事或物的特點(diǎn)以及狀態(tài)。

如：The window is broken.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

The window is broken by him.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

(2)用法不同，過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)可用so, very, too等詞來(lái)修飾，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用much, very much, too much, so much等詞來(lái)修飾。

如：He was very interested in science.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

I was so much surprised by the scene.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

(八)、不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況

(1)不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)

不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，所以也不可能有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。需注意，有些英語(yǔ)中的不及物動(dòng)詞，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)貌似是“及物”容易出錯(cuò)，如：take place(發(fā)生)，happen(發(fā)生)，come about(發(fā)生)，break out(爆發(fā))，appear(出現(xiàn))，disappear(消失)，last(持續(xù))，arise(出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生)，belong, (屬于)，disappear(消失)，die(死)等：

如：A fire broke out during the night.

夜間發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。

如：Flu usually breaks out in winter.

流感通常發(fā)生在冬季。

如：A traffic accident happened just now.

剛剛發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)車(chē)禍。

(2)某些靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)

靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如以下各句均不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

如：My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合適。

如：The hall holds 1000 people. 大廳可容納1000人。

(3)賓語(yǔ)為相互代詞或反身代詞無(wú)被動(dòng)

相互代詞或反身代詞通常不能用作主語(yǔ)，所以當(dāng)用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不可轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

如：We should help each other. 我們應(yīng)該互相幫助。

(4) 感官系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)

如：Milk tastes strange.牛奶嘗起來(lái)怪怪的。

(5)表示物體本身特征/性質(zhì)的動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)

常考的動(dòng)詞如下：sell, wash, wear, read, write

如：The coat wears well. 這外套穿起來(lái)挺好。

如：The book sells well. 這書(shū)賣(mài)的不錯(cuò)。

 

如下是一些有關(guān)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的練習(xí)，來(lái)試試吧(你一定可以)

一、選擇題

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Is; built B. Was; bulit C. Does; build D. Did; build　　( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened

( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.

A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow

( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited

( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D.

gives

( )6.How many trees ____ this year?

A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted

( )7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done

D. will be done

( )8.Neither of them ______ in China.

A. is made B. are made C. were made D. made

( )9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher.

A. is drawing B. is being drawn C. has been drawn

D .draws

( )10. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.

A. wear out B. worn out C. are worn out D. is worn　　( )11.The doctor _____ for yet.

A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent

D. wasn't sent

( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______?

--Last year.

A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used

( )13. The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known

( )14.I ____ in summer.

A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born　　( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week.

A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent

( )16.Who _____ this book _____?

A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written

( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.

A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to

( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us

( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.　　A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump

( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.

A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put

( )21.Older people ____ well.

A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after

( )22.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened

(溫馨提示：選擇題選項(xiàng)中有被動(dòng)時(shí)，百分之九十都需要選擇被動(dòng)，個(gè)別不是被動(dòng)的都需要考慮一下是不是被動(dòng)的特殊情況)

二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，每空一詞。

1. We can finish the work in two days.

The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.

2. They produce silk in Suzhou.

Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.

3. The children will sing an English song.

An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children.

4. You needn't do it now.

It ____ _____ _____ by you now.

5. Lucy sent me a New Year card last week.

A New Year card ____ ____ ____ Lucy by me last

week.

6. People use metal for making machines.

Metal ____ ____ for making machines.

7. He made me do that for him.

I ____ ____ ____ _____that for him.

8.I have given this book to the library.

This book ___ ____ ____ to the library.

9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?

____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?

10.We'll put on an English play in our school.

An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school.　　11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets.

Color TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers.

12.My brother often mends his watch.

His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.

13.We must water the flowers every day.

The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day.

14.They use knives for cutting things.

Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.

15.He made the farmers work for a long time.

The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time.

16.Did he break the window yesterday?

____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday?

17.They have sold out the light green dresses.

The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out.

18.We clean the classroom every day.

The classroom ____ ____ every day.

19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.

Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth.

20.You can dig a hole in the earth.

A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth.

(溫馨提示：主被動(dòng)的互換，先找出主謂賓，然后按照主被動(dòng)換主賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)鍵需要考慮謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)

三、 用動(dòng)詞的正確語(yǔ)態(tài)填空。

1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month.

3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.

4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

5. What ___ a knife ______ (make) of?

It _______________(make) of metal and wood.

6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.

7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library?

8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.

10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.

11.These kinds of machines ____(make) in Japan.

12. Apples __________(grow) in this farm.

13. Russian _________ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.

14. Planes,cars and trains ________ (use) by business people for travelling.

15. The cinema _________ (build) in 1985.

16. The bike ________ (must not put) here.

17. A beautiful horse ______ (draw) by John next day.

18. This kind of machine ___________(can made) by Uncle Wang.

19. Mr. Green ______ (open) two new school.

20. The PLA ___________ (found) on August 1st,

1927.

21. By the time he was ten, the boy_____(learn)English and French.

22. How long _____ your uncle ____(be) in the city?

23. ______ you ____(see) the film yet?Yes, I _______(see) it last week.

24. Uncle Wang _________(live) here since 1980.

25. Listen! Someone _________(sing).

26. Tom ________(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.

(溫馨提示：看看動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是不是提前成主語(yǔ)了，如果是考慮被動(dòng))

四、把下列句子改寫(xiě)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

1.They make machines in that factory. __________________________________.

2.Everybody likes this song. __________________________________.

3.He doesn't show the stamps to me. __________________________________.

4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan.

_____________________________.

5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble.

_______________________________.

6.Do the workers build many buildings? __________________________________.

7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? __________________________________.

8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? __________________________________.

9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_______________________________.

10.How many desks do they buy every term?__________________________________.

11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.

_____________________________________.

12.Cranny told us a story last night. __________________________________.

13.He didn't give the dictionary to me yesterday.

_______________________________________.

14.He didn't buy anything there before he left.

______________________________________.

15.Did he clean the blackboard just now?__________________________________.

16.When did she cook supper yesterday? __________________________________.

17.Where did she make them? __________________________________.

18.Whose ruler did you borrow? __________________________________.

19.We must tie the young tree to the stick.

_________________________________.

20.They can't mend the bike in that shop.

__________________________________.

21.You should take good care of her baby.

__________________________________.

22.You may take it back home. __________________________________.

23.May I look after the baby at home? __________________________________.

24.Must we hand in our exercise-books now?______________________________________.

25.Can you mend this radio here? __________________________________.

(溫馨提示：主被動(dòng)的互換，不要被各種不同句式帶偏了哦，先完成被動(dòng)句，然后再考慮句式)

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