賓語從句歌訣

賓語從句三姊妹,that，if/whether,wh-/how展風采

展風采有三關，引導詞、語序、時態(tài)在把關

主從時態(tài)要一致，陳述語序永不變

陳述請你選that，疑問需用if/whether連

特殊問句作賓從，原來問詞不用換

三關過后莫得意，人稱、標點需注意

留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡化記心間

歌訣解碼

一、三姊妹

賓語從句根據(jù)引導詞的不同可分為三種類型：

1. 由that引導的賓語從句。

如：

We knew (that)we should learn from each other.

2. 由if/whether引導的賓語從句。

如：

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

3. 由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句。

如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?

二、三關

1. 引導詞關

如果從句是陳述句，引導詞用that(that在口語或非正式文體中常省略);如果從句是一般疑問句，引導詞用if/whether;如果從句是特殊疑問句，引導詞用由疑問詞轉換而來的疑問代詞/副詞。

2. 語序關

①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。如：

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.

②一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。如：

Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.

When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.

3. 時態(tài)關

①如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定。如：

I have heard(that)he will come back next week.

②如果主句是過去的某種時態(tài)，那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用過去的某種時態(tài)。如：

He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.

注意：如果賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

三、人稱的變化和標點的使用

1. 從句的主語如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。

如：

“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

2. 賓語從句的標點均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號；主句是疑問句，用問號。

如：

Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?

四、兩副面孔

if和when既能引導時間狀語從句，又能引導賓語從句。因此，遇到它們就要認真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：

If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.(時間狀語從句)

I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (賓語從句)

五、從句的簡化

“

1. 當主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為，賓補為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

簡化為不定式結構。

2. 當主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可如：

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結構

3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為。如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?

中考真題演練

1.重慶A卷

---Do you know ________?

---Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.

A. why did they move here

B. why they moved here

C. when did they move here

D. when they moved here

2.山東煙臺

---Do you know _______ ?

---Perhaps tomorrow, but I’m not sure.

A. how we’ll go to the museum

B. which place we’ll visit next Sunday

C. when we’ll travel to Disney Land

D. why he won’t come here

3.四川自貢

----How about buying an iphone 6s for your birthday ?

----Oh, it’s maybe too expensive, Dad. Do you know ______ ?

A. how much it costs

B. how much does it cost

C. how much it cost

4.四川成都

-----Could you tell me _______ ?

-----My life is not what it used to be .

A.what you think of yourself

B.how you like your present life

C.what your life is like after you became famous

5.山東臨沂

----Excuse me, do you know _____yesterday ?

---Sure. It closed at 6:00 p.m.yesterday.

A.when the bookstore closes

B.when does the bookstore close

C.when the bookstore closed

D.when did the bookstore close

6.福建福州

----Mr. Black, could you tell me_____?

-----At 10:00tomorrow morning.

A.where we’ll go hiking.

B.when we’ll have a meeting

C.whether you will come to may birthday party

7.湖南株洲

Do you know when ______today.

A.is the bookstore closed

B.does the bookstore close

C.the bookstore closes

8.四川宜賓

We must remember ______.

A.what our teacher said

B.what did our teacher say

C.what has our teacher said

9.江蘇南京

---Are you going camping this after ?

---A typhoon is coming. I’m not sure _____the road to the mountain will be closed.

A.which B.what

C.whether D.why

10.湖南衡陽

My neighbor asked me _____ I heard the big noise last night or not .

A.whether B.if C.what

11.天津

----Could you tell me _____ you’ll go to Paris?

----Next month.

A.why B.where

C.when D.how

12.山東菏澤

----Excuse me, but could you please tell me ______ ?

---Sure.

A.where is the restroom

B.when the store opens

C.what time does it begin

13.山東德州

----Excuse me. I’d like to take exercise but I’m new here. Could you please tell me _____ ?

----Follow me. I’ll take you there.

A.how I can get to the airport 　　　　　　 B.where the supermarket is

C.how to get to the police station

D.which is the way to the sports center

14.山東濱州

----What did your father say to you just now ?

----He asked me _______.

A.that I would like to see a movie

B.where I will spend my holiday

C.if I enjoyed myself at the party

D.when did I attend the graduation party

15.四川達州

----Could you please tell me _____ Zhang Aiping’s hometown ?

----The day after tomorrow, I think.

A.when will you visit

B.when you will visit

C.why you will visit

D.how you will visit

16.四川攀枝花

Could you tell me ______ the beautiful mobile phone ? I want to buy one, too.

A.when did you buy

B.when you bought

C.where you bought

D.where did you buy

17. 重慶B卷

--- I like Super Brain very much. Do you know ______ on show?

--- At 10:00 every Friday evening. It’s a good program to make science popular.

A. where it is B. where is it

C. when it is D. when is it

18.安徽

---Look at the stone bridge. Do you know ______it was built?

---In the 1860s. It is quite old.

A.when B.how C.where D.why

19.四川廣安

---Can you tell me ______ ?

---Sure. For about 3 weeks.

A.how long Thomas has bought the bike

B.how long has Thomas bought the bike

C.how long Thomas has had the bike

D.how long has Thomas had the bike

20.四川綿陽

----Could you tell me _____?

----At nine o’clock, in ten minutes.

A.how will leave

B.when he has left

C.why he is leaving

D.when he will leave

21.新疆阜康、米泉

----Could you tell us _____ the sports meeting ?

----On Wednesday this week.

A.where we are going to have

B.where are we going to have

C.when we are going to have

D.when are we going to have

22.江蘇連云港

----What did Max just say to you ?

----He asked me _____.

A.if I would like to go skating

B.when did I buy this CD

C.where I will spend the weekend

D.that I had a good time

23.四川巴中

I wonder ______next week. Please call me when they return.

A.when they will come back

B.when will they come back

C.when they come back

24.四川南充

---Do you know _____ ?

---Sure. On August 5th, 2016.

A.when will the 31st Olympic Games open B.where will the 31st Olympic Games open

C.when the 31st Olympic Games will open D.where the 31st Olympic Games will open

25.甘肅武威 I told the teacher _____ I had seen.

A.what B.which

C.where D.that

26.甘肅武威

Could you please tell me ______ ?

A.where is the Grand Hotel

B.when the Grand Hotel is

C.where the Grand Hotel is

D.how is the Grand Hotel

27.江蘇鹽城

----I wonder ______.

-----Yes, of course.

A.why we will visit this museum

B.when we will get to the museum

C.whether the museum is worth visiting

D.what we can see in the museum

28.山西

—I just came back from Shanghai Disneyland. Can you guess _______?

—I’ve no idea. But it can’t be cheap. I’ve heard everything is very expensive.

A. how I came back home

B. how many days I stayed there

C. how much I paid for the Micky Mouse toy

29.湖南郴州

----David, look at the man in black over there. Can you tell me ____ ?

----He is an engineer.

A.who is he

B.who he is

C.what he does

30.江蘇宿遷

---could you please tell me _______?

---OK. I will go to Beijing next week.

A.where will you go

B.how you will go to Beijing

C.when you will go to Beijing

D.why will you go to Beijing

答案

1--5DCACC;6--10BCACA;

11--15CBDCB;16---20CCACD;

21--25CAACA;26--30CCCCC

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