一般將來時和過去將來時

一般將來時構(gòu)成如下：

肯定式 疑問式 否定式 疑問否定式

I shall work Shall i work? I shall not work Shall i not work?

He(she,it) Will he He(she,it)will Will he (she,it)

will work (she,it)work? not work. not work?

We shall work Shall we work? We shall not work Shall we not work?

You will work Will you work? You will not work Will you not work?

They will work Will they work? They will not work Will they not work?

其結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種: 1)will + 動詞原形(will可以用于任何人稱) 需要注意的是當主語是第一人稱時will可以換成shall,特別是在以I或we作主語的問句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +動詞原形 3)現(xiàn)在進行時也可表示將來,前邊已經(jīng)講過,這里不在重復.

第一種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化是: 變否定句在will后邊加not. 變一般疑問句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days? 第二種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom?

其時間狀語有如下幾種 1)this引導的短語 如 this year 2)tomorrow及其相關短語如tomorrow morning 3)next引導的短語 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。

一般將來時基本用法如下：

1 一般將來時用來表示純粹的將來事實。一般將來時常和表示將來的時間狀語連用

如：tomorrow,next week,next month,next year 等

如：He will come next week

他下個星期回來

2 一般將來時也可以與now,today,tonight等時間詞語連用

如：I shall do it now.

我現(xiàn)在就做這事

3 常與表時間的狀語從句連用

如： When i have time, i'll go

我有時間就去

4 與條件狀語從句連用

如：He'll help you if you ask him

你提出請求，他就會幫助你。

5 有時候條件狀語從句可以省略或是暗含在上下文之中

如：Don't disturb him, he'll be angry.

不要打擾他，他會生氣的。

6 用于狀語從句中。表示時間和條件的狀語從句一般用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。但有時亦可用一般將來時。連詞before引導的時間狀語從句可用一般將來時。

如：You must fill out the application form and be inter viewed before you will be considered for the job.

你必須先填好申請書，經(jīng)過面談，然后才會被考慮雇傭的問題。

7 用于一般疑問句，內(nèi)含助動詞shall的一般將來時常用在由shall或是shall we 引導的一般疑問句中。詢問對方的意圖或是愿望。回答shall i 問句時候，不可以用yes,you shall 或是 No you shall not,而是說yes please(或是please do)或是no please do not (或是please do not)。 回答shall we 問句時候應該說yes ,let's 或是no i don't think we shall

如：Shall i help you?

Yes please

No please don't

Shall we call a taxi?

Yes let's

No I don't think we shall

一、易忽視動詞用原形形式

例：1 He will is (be) at school next Monday.

2 He is going to does (do) his homework after school.

答案：1 be 2 do

解析：第一題有的同學一看he做主語就用了is，忽視了will后應加動詞原形。我們在寫句子時，很容易把動詞丟掉，“英語句子里，動詞不能少”的規(guī)律必須要牢記。第二題中to后加動詞原形，而不是用單三人稱.。

二、be going to +動詞原形與will+動詞原形用法不清楚

例：我正努力學習，準備參加英語考試。

I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams.

答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams.

解析：“be going to” 表示計劃、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 還表示某種跡象表明會發(fā)生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 而“Will+動詞原形 ”指對將來事物的預見、表示意愿、決心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在單純預測未來時，二者可以互換，但在此題中只能用be going to，而不能用will。

將來時的一些特殊用法

1)　shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。

will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。

Which paragraph shall I read first.

Will you be at home at seven this evening?

2)　be going to +不定式，表示將來。

a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。

What are you going to do tomorrow?

b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month。

c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3)　 be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4)　be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。

He is about to leave for Beijing.

注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用

5)　be going to / will

用于條件句時， be going to　表將來

will　表意愿

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

6)be to和be going to

be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。

be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.　　 (客觀安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排)

7)　一般現(xiàn)在時表將來

1)下列動詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2)倒裝句，表示動作正在進行，如：

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3)在時間或條件句中。

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

I hope they have a nice time next week.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

8) 用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來

意為："意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。

I'm leaving tomorrow.

Are you staying here till next week?

自主檢測：

(一)、 單選

1 _____you ____a doctor when you grow up?

A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be

2 I don’t know if his uncle _____. I think he _____ if it doesn’t rain.

A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come

3 He will be back _____a few minutes.

A with B for C on D in

4 What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow?

A will B shall C do D are

5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week.

A finishes B doesn’t finish C will finish D won’t finish

6 There _____some showers this afternoon.

A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have

7 It ____my brother’s birthday tomorrow. She _____a party.

A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be

8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11.

A is B is going to be C will be D will to be

答案：1 B 2B 3 D 4 B 5A 6A 7 C 8 C

(二)、 填空

1 -“I need some paper.”

- “I ____(bring)some for you.”

2____(be)you free tomorrow?

3 They _________(not leave) until you come back.

4 _____we_____(go) to the party together this afternoon?

5 They want to know when the meeting _____start.

6 I _____(go) with you if I have time.

7 Hurry up! Or we ______(be) late.

8What ____you _______(do) tomorrow afternoon?

9 Jenny ____ _____ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.

10 If she isn’t free tomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party.

答案： 1 will bring 2 Are 3 won’t leave 4Shall go 5 will 6 will go

7 will be 8 are going to do 9 will do 10 won’t take

三、 There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時易出錯

例：There_________ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)

A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have

答案：A

解析：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時既要符合There be結(jié)構(gòu)，又要符合一般將來時。有的同學認為have當“有”講，所以選了B，但There be結(jié)構(gòu)就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后邊的單數(shù)名詞決定的.

四、 be going to結(jié)構(gòu)中易丟掉to

例：I’m going _______(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C)

A to will go B to go to C go to D to go

答案：B

解析：由tomorrow可知是一般將來時，be going to +動詞原形，所以先確定用to go , 在B、 D當中選，而go to school 是固定詞組，不能因為前邊有一個to而省略，這是一個易錯點，需要注意。

另外，在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中，若主句用了將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時，前邊已經(jīng)講過,這里不在重復.

過去將來時

過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間來看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。

1過去將來時的構(gòu)成(句型如下：)

肯定句：主語+be(was，were)going to+動詞原形～.

否定句：主語+be(was，were)not going to+動詞原形～.

疑問句：Be(Was，Were)+主語+going to+動詞原形～?

肯定句：主語+would(should)+動詞原形～.

否定句：主語+would(should)not+動詞原形～.

疑問句：Would(Should)+主語+動詞原形～?

過去將來時的構(gòu)成

和一般將來時一樣，只不過把助動詞be變?yōu)檫^去式，把will，shall變?yōu)檫^去式。

I didn't know if he would come.

=I didn't know if he was going to come.

我不知道他是否會來。

She was sixty-six. In three years，she would be sixty-nine.

她66歲了。三年后，她是69歲。

She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.

她告訴我們，如果下雨，她就不和我們一起去了。

I didn't know how to do it. What would be their ideas?

我不知如何去做，他們會有什么想法呢?

2.過去將來時�？捎脕肀硎具^去習慣性的動作。此時，不管什么人稱，一律用would。

This door wouldn't open.

這扇門老是打不開。

Whenever he had time，he would do some reading.

他一有時間，總是看書。

I would play with him when was a child.

當我還是孩童時，總是和他一起玩。

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