被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

A.熟記結(jié)構(gòu)

被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞(p.p)”。被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語保持一致。其具體變化為：

一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+p.p.

一般過去時：was/were+p.p.

一般將來時：shall /will be +p.p.

現(xiàn)在完成時：have /has been +p.p.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/is/are+being+p.p.

過去將來時：should /would be +p.p.

含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞+be+p.p.例如：

① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.

A.speak

B.is speaking

C.speaks

D.is spoken

(② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.

A.were told

B.is telling

C.was told

D.tells

③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.

A.must

B.must be

C.has

D.have

B.明確用法

被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：

1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者;

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。例如：

這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。

The tree ______ ______ by that boy.

C.熟練轉(zhuǎn)換

1.將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法為：

①將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語;

②謂語動詞變?yōu)?ldquo;be+及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達(dá)出不同的時態(tài);

③主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞之后。(有時by短語可以省略)。

2.被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前;否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not;特殊疑問句的語序?yàn)椋阂蓡栐~+一般疑問句。例如：

① You must throw the broken pottery away at once.

The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同義句)

(② Where did they grow vegetables?(改為被動語態(tài))

Where ______ vegetables ______ ?

D.注意特例

將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意幾個特殊情況：

1.含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，有兩種方法：

①將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變;

②將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。例如：

① He told us a story.(變被動語態(tài))

→We were told a story(by him).或：A story was told to us by him.

② Her mother gave her a new pen.(變被動語態(tài))

A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.

2.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如：

① This dictionary mustn t ______ from the library.

A.take away

B.taken away

C.are taken away

D.be taken away

② She will take good care of the children.(變被動語態(tài))

The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).

(3.含有復(fù)合賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補(bǔ)足語就成為主語補(bǔ)足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時，不定式符號to必須補(bǔ)上。例如：

Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(變被動

He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.

(4.不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為“to be +過去分詞”。例如：

The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.

A.be building

B.build

C.be built

D.built

5.以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句時要注意詞序：應(yīng)將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。例如：

Who has broken the cup?(改為被動語態(tài))

→By whom has the cup been broken?

E.注意區(qū)別

被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：

1)含義不同：被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作，重點(diǎn)說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成;而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較：

The window is broken.窗子破了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。(被動語態(tài))

2)用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被 so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動語態(tài)則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修飾。試比較：

He was very interested in science.他對科學(xué)有極大興趣。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn t know what to do.我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。(被動語態(tài))

F.牢記(相關(guān))句型

初中教材中與被動語態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有：

1.be covered with被……覆蓋

2.be made of由……制作(發(fā)生物理變化)

be made from由……制作(發(fā)生化學(xué)變化)

be made in由(某地)制造

be made by被(某人)制造

3.be used for被用來……

be used as被當(dāng)作(作為)……來使用

be used to do sth.被用來做某事

4.It is said that...據(jù)說……

It is hoped that...希望……

It is well known that...眾所周知……例如：

①—Your coat looks nice.Is it ______ cotton?

—Yes.It s ———— Shanghai.

A.made of;made by

B.made of;made in

C.made for;made by

D.made for;made in

② This machine is used ______ the room wet.

A.for keeping

B.as keeping

C.keep

D.to keeping

③ 據(jù)說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。

______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.

七、幾種特殊的被動語態(tài)

1.帶不定式的被動語態(tài)。

The child is sure to be punished for that. 那個孩子肯定會因?yàn)槟羌�事受罰的。

2. 帶介詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)。

Such a thing has never been heard of. 這件事前所未聞。

3. 帶副詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)。

The radio has just been turned off. 收音機(jī)剛剛被關(guān)上。

4. 當(dāng)sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等動詞若有狀語well, easily, badly來修飾時，用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。

The pen writes well. 這枝鋼筆寫字流暢。

The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。

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