時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

用表示時(shí)間的連詞連接一個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)，這樣的主從復(fù)合句就是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since...... 這里要注意一點(diǎn)的是，如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義。

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的從句�？梢砸龑�(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞很多，根據(jù)意義和主從句之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系，通�？煞譃橐韵聨追N情況：

A. when, while, as, whenever

when, while, as表示主句謂語(yǔ)作和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。

1.when

①when表示點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí)，從句中用短暫性動(dòng)詞;表示段時(shí)間時(shí)，用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

When I got home, my family were already having dinner.

我到家的時(shí)候，全家已在吃晚飯。

(when表示點(diǎn)時(shí)間)

When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.

當(dāng)他們還在說(shuō)笑的時(shí)候，老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。(when表示段時(shí)間)

He waved ahello when he saw her.

當(dāng)他看見(jiàn)她的時(shí)候，就揮手打了個(gè)招呼。(when表示點(diǎn)時(shí)間)

When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something.

當(dāng)你認(rèn)為自己一無(wú)所知的時(shí)候，就開(kāi)始知道一些事情了。(when表示段時(shí)間)

注意：

當(dāng)when意思是正當(dāng)……時(shí)候(and at that moment)時(shí)，when只能跟在前一分句之后。

He was about to go to bed when the doorbel rang.

他正要上床，忽然門(mén)鈴響了。

They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.

他們正看著世界杯比賽，突然燈滅了。

They had just arrived home when it began to rain.

他們剛到家，天就開(kāi)始下雨了。

②有時(shí)when表示雖然，盡管的含義，相當(dāng)于although或since。

He walks when he might take a taxi.

盡管可以打的，但他還是步行。

How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none

既然你不寬恕別人，你自己又怎能希望得到別人的寬恕呢?

2.while

①while通常表示一段時(shí)間，從句中宜用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。

Strike while the iron is hot.

趁熱打鐵。

She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.

她在看報(bào)的時(shí)候睡著了。

②while有時(shí)可以作并列連詞，表示對(duì)比，可譯成……而……。

I am fond of English while he likes maths.

我喜歡英語(yǔ)而他卻喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。

We slept while the captain kept watch.

我們睡覺(jué)而上尉擔(dān)任警戒。

③while有時(shí)可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是雖然。

While they love te children, they are strict with them.

雖然他們都愛(ài)他們的孩子，但卻對(duì)他們要求嚴(yán)格。

提示：

雖然during 與 while 意思很相近，但是during是介詞，不能引導(dǎo)從句。

3.as

①as表示點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí)，從句中用短暫性動(dòng)詞;表示段時(shí)間時(shí)，用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。as和when兩者經(jīng)�？梢酝ㄓ�。

The thief was caught as when he was stealing in the supermarket.

小偷在超市行竊時(shí)被逮住了。

I saw Jim as when he left the meeting room.

吉姆離開(kāi)會(huì)議室時(shí)候我看到了他。

②as表示 一邊……一邊……，強(qiáng)調(diào)從句和主句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同步進(jìn)行。

They talked as they walked.

他們邊走邊聊。

He looked behind from time to time as he went.

他一邊走，一邊不時(shí)地往后看。

③as表示隨著

As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.

隨著時(shí)間的推移，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖了。

As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom.

隨著春回大地，百花開(kāi)始綻放。

4.when, while, as的用法區(qū)別

①只有當(dāng)從句表示的是段時(shí)間，即其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有持續(xù)性特征時(shí)，這三者可以通用互換。

I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast.

我在吃早飯的時(shí)候從收音機(jī)里獲悉這一消息。

②在下列情況下，三者彼此之間不能替換使用：

a.as更強(qiáng)調(diào)同一時(shí)間或緊接的一前一后或伴隨著的變化。

We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar.

我們聽(tīng)著歌星邊彈吉它邊演唱。

I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.

你一張嘴我就知道你要說(shuō)什幺

As he grew older, he became less and less active.

隨著他年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他變得越來(lái)越不活潑了。

提示：

狀語(yǔ)從句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前時(shí)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。有時(shí)可置于主句中間，前后用逗號(hào)。

b.when更強(qiáng)調(diào)特定時(shí)間，還可表示從句中的動(dòng)作先于或后于主句的動(dòng)作。

When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone.

當(dāng)我把多余的票給了瑪麗時(shí)，我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己的票已不知去向。(從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意主從句的時(shí)態(tài))

When I finally got there, he meeting had been on for ten minutes.

當(dāng)我最終趕到那里時(shí)，會(huì)議已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。(從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后，注意時(shí)態(tài))

c.while從句只能表示延續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或主從句中動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking

about my daughter.

她以為我在談?wù)撍�女兒，而事�?shí)上，我在談?wù)撐业呐畠骸?/p>

d.若表示兩個(gè)短促動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用as場(chǎng)合多于when。

As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause.

他結(jié)束講話時(shí)，觀眾爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。

5.whenever

whenever是when的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)，它描述的不是一次性動(dòng)作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

You are always welcome whenever you come.

無(wú)論你何時(shí)來(lái)都?xì)g迎。

Whenever we met with diffiulties, they came to help us.

每當(dāng)我們遇上困難的時(shí)候，他們就來(lái)幫我們。

B. before, after

1.before

before表示在一段時(shí)間之前。

I must finish all the work before go home.

回家之前我必須干完所有的活。

You must first learn to walk before you try to run.

在想要跑以前，你得先學(xué)會(huì)走。

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.

他去倫敦之前已學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)。

提示：

before 從句往往帶有否定的含義。

He ran off before I could stop him.

我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。

Thke it down berore you forget it.

趁著還沒(méi)忘記的時(shí)候就記錄下來(lái)。

必背：

before 常用句型 It is was will be ?efore?/p>

It wil be five years before we meet again.

五年以后我們才能再見(jiàn)。

It will be not long before you regret what you have done.

不用過(guò)多久你就會(huì)對(duì)你所作所為感到后悔的。

It was not long before I realized I was wrong.

不久我就意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)了。

It was minutes before the police arrived.

過(guò)了幾分鐘警察才到。

2.after

after表在一段時(shí)間之后。

Let's play football after school is over.

放學(xué)后我們踢足球吧。

The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.

暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)后不久，太陽(yáng)出來(lái)了。

C.till, until

1.untiltill用于肯定句時(shí)，表示直到 為止，主句必須為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

We shall wait until till he comes back.

我們將一直等到他回來(lái)。 (注意它們的拼寫(xiě))

Everthing went well untiltill that accident happened.

直到發(fā)生那意外之前，一切都正常。

2. not?ntiltill表示直到 才 ，主句通常要用短暫動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)until和till可用before代替。

I didn't leave until till before she came back.

直到她回來(lái)，我才離開(kāi)的。

Bells don't ring till until you strike them.

鈴不打不響。

Peopl do not know the value of their health till until before they lose it.

人們直至失去了健康才知其可貴。

3.當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí)，主句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)要使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。

Not until she stopped crying did I leave.

直到她不哭了，我才離開(kāi)的。

注意：

until引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till從句一般不放在句首。

4.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中一般只能用until，不用till。

It was not until she took off her drk glasses that I recognized her.

直到她摘下墨鏡，我才認(rèn)出她。

D.since, ever since

1.since自……以來(lái)。表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)間為止。主句中通常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since從句中一般用短暫性動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

It has been just a week since we arrived here.

我們到這兒剛剛一星期。

Where haveyou been since I last saw you

自上次我見(jiàn)過(guò)你之后，你去了哪里?

Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.

她自年輕時(shí)起就一直集郵至今。

提示：

有時(shí)since 從句中也可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，注意它的譯法。

Tom is now working on the farm.It's two years since he was a college student.

湯姆現(xiàn)在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上班，他大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有兩年了。

2.ever since 從那時(shí)起直至現(xiàn)在，此后一直。表示說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，語(yǔ)氣比since強(qiáng)。

Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.

自一九五零年結(jié)婚以來(lái)，他們一直生得很幸福。

3.since還可以用作副詞或介詞。

The big clock was damaged during the war and has been sient(ever)since.

這只大鐘在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中損壞了，從此就一直不響了。

My uncle went to Tibet in the 1950s. He has been living there(ever)since.

我叔叔五十年代就去了西藏，從那以后他一直生活在那里。

You have made great achievements in your work since graduation.

你們自畢業(yè)以來(lái)已經(jīng)在工作中取得了巨大成就。

E.as soon as

as soon as...可譯為一……就……，用來(lái)表示主從句的動(dòng)作是緊接著發(fā)生的。

He will come and see you as soon as he can.

他一有空就來(lái)看你。

He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.

他一得到這個(gè)好消息就奔回家。

必背：

一……就……還可以用onupon doing 結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。

On arriving home he called up Lester.

= As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.

他一到家就給萊斯特打電話。

F. immediately instantly directly

相當(dāng)于as soon as，從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

They phoned her immediately they reached home.

他一到家馬上就給她打了電話。

I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.

我一看見(jiàn)她就把她認(rèn)出來(lái)了。

We came directly we got your telephone.

我們一接到你的電話就趕來(lái)了。

G.the moment, the minute, the instant, the second

這幾個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)也可用作連詞，直接引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示一 就 。

He said he'd turn on TV th moment he got home.

他說(shuō)他一到家就打開(kāi)電視機(jī)。

Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.

告訴他，他一到我就要見(jiàn)他。

The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.

鈴一響，學(xué)生就沖出了教室。

H.hardly scarcely?hen? no sooner?han?/p>

這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都表示剛……就……，可以互換，主句通常用去完成時(shí)。

He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.

他剛出發(fā)就想起家來(lái)。

He had hardly started his speech when someone rose to refute his points.

他剛開(kāi)始發(fā)言，就有人站起來(lái)反駁他的論點(diǎn)。

注意：

當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, no sooner

位于句子的開(kāi)頭時(shí)，主句須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。

Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knockat the door woke her up.

她剛要睡著，忽然敲門(mén)聲把她吵醒。

No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.

地上的霜一消散，人們就開(kāi)始工作了。

I.once

once作連詞時(shí)，也相當(dāng)于as soon as，但它含有的條件意味更濃，它引導(dǎo)的從句較短。

Once you begin, you must continue.

一旦開(kāi)了頭，你就應(yīng)當(dāng)繼續(xù)下去。

Once you see him, you will neer forget him.

你一旦見(jiàn)過(guò)他，就不會(huì)忘了他的。

J.next time, the first time, the last time, every time 等

Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.

下次你進(jìn)城一定來(lái)看我們。

He left me a good impression the first time I met him.

我第一次見(jiàn)他時(shí)，他給我留下了好印象。

Every time I see him he looks miserable.

我每次見(jiàn)到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。

The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough.

上一次我見(jiàn)到他時(shí)，他看上去很開(kāi)心。

K.by the time

by the tine 也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為到 時(shí)為止，主句一般要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。

By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all byhimself.

愛(ài)因斯坦到十四歲時(shí)就自學(xué)完了高等數(shù)學(xué)。 (從句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí))

I shall have finished my work by the time you return.

在你回來(lái)之前我將會(huì)做完我的活兒。(從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句要用將來(lái)完成時(shí))

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