常用介詞的用法比較

表示時(shí)間的介詞

(1)at:用于表示時(shí)刻，時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)，年齡，就餐時(shí)間

at noon在午時(shí) at night在夜間 at present目前

(2)on:用于星期幾，某天，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具體的某一天時(shí)，一律用,也可以說是上午、下午、晚上有修飾的一律用ON),特定的時(shí)間、含day的節(jié)日

on Sunday 在星期天

on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午

on March 8 在3月8日

(3)in:用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。

in 1999 在1999年 in November 在11月份

in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午

in + 時(shí)間段：過……后(內(nèi))，用于將來時(shí)

I think he will be back in an hour.

我想他一小時(shí)后就會(huì)回來。

I heard that she would be back in a month.我聽說她一個(gè)月后回來的。

(4)after：在……之后

after that ,no one should ever kill a seagull .

從那時(shí)起，任何人不得捕殺海鷗。

after + 時(shí)間段：在……之后，用于過去時(shí)。

(5)before：在……之前

Wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning .

今天早晨，魏華在7點(diǎn)之前起床了。

He won’t come back before five.

(6)by：到……為止，截止(到)……

By the time i arrived ,she had already gone .

在我到達(dá)之前，她已經(jīng)走了。

The work must be finished by Friday.

We had three meetings by last Friday.

(7)for：達(dá)……之久(表示過了多少時(shí)間),可以和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)，將來時(shí)連用，但是經(jīng)常和完成時(shí)連用。

Florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest .弗洛淪斯常常工作24小時(shí)而不休息。

(8)since：自……以來(表示從以前某時(shí)直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù))

Since + 時(shí)間段 + ago

Since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)

Since + 一般過去時(shí)的句子

Since that time ,my eyes had never been very good.

從那時(shí)起，我的眼睛一直不是很好。

(9)during：在……期間

During the lifetime of one man , north America and Europe will more further apart by nearly two meters .

在一個(gè)人的一生期間，北美洲和歐洲由于漂移，其間的距離將要增加差不多兩米。

(10)through：一直……(從開始到結(jié)束)

He ,who led the united states through these years ,was shot on April 14, 1865 ,at a theater in Washington

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)美國度過了這些年代的他，于1865年4月14日在美國華盛頓一家戲院里被人槍殺。

(11)from：從……起(時(shí)間)

the workers were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening .工人們被迫從早7點(diǎn)工作到晚7點(diǎn)。

From…to…：從一點(diǎn)時(shí)間到另一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。

(12)within:不……超過的范圍

he will arrive within an hour .他一小時(shí)內(nèi)就人到。

(13)until/till: 用于某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到某一時(shí)間終止。Until可用于句首，而till不用于句首。不可延續(xù)則用not…until

Alice didn’t go to bed until 11 p.m. last night.

Wait here until the rain stops.

Don’t get off the bus until it stops.

表示地點(diǎn)的介詞

(1)at:在某地點(diǎn)(表示比較狹窄的場所)

at school上學(xué) at home在家

at 320 Xinfu district 在新?lián)釁^(qū)320號(hào)

at the station 在火車站

(2)in:在某地(表示比較寬敞的場所)

she will arrive in shanghai at ten .10點(diǎn)她將到達(dá)上海。

(3)表示地點(diǎn)方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below

①on:在……上面，有接觸面

on the table 在桌子上面

②above:在……上方

sometimes Juliana could hear planes above the trees.

有時(shí)朱莉安娜能聽到樹林上空的飛機(jī)聲。

③over:在……正上方，是under的反義詞

over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在這些墳?zāi)股�，他們建起了金字塔�?/p>

④under：在……下面，在……之內(nèi)

the twin sisters put the basket under the tree .這姐倆把籃子放到了樹下。

⑤below：在……下方，(不一定是正下方)

three thousand meters below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle .

3000米以下，除了茂密的叢林之外，她什么也看不見。

(4)near ,by

①near:近的，不遠(yuǎn)的(=not far)是far的反義詞,near還可以指時(shí)間，in the near future在不遠(yuǎn)的將來。

Green’s lake was a small lake near his home .格林湖是他家附近的一個(gè)小湖。

②by:在……旁邊，比near的距離要近

Juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days .朱莉安娜沿著河岸又走了足足6天。

(5)between ,among ,around

①between:在兩者之間

The differences between American English and British English are not very great .美國英語和英國英語之間的差別不是很大。

②among:在三者或者更多的之中

there are some American students among us .在我們中間有幾個(gè)美國學(xué)校。

③around:環(huán)繞，在…..的周圍，在……的四周

they arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it .他們到達(dá)了四周有高山環(huán)繞的山谷

(6)in front of ,behind(互為反義詞)

①in front of :在……的前面

there is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一輛小汽車。

②behind :在…..后邊

are there any cows behind the house ?房子后面有一些牛嗎?

(7)in ,into ,out of

①in:在…..之內(nèi)，用于表示靜止的位置

there are four girls in the room.房間里有4個(gè)女孩。

②into:進(jìn)入,用于表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向，通常用于表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作之后。如:come ,go ,walk ,jump ,run..

she took me from the hall into my classroom .她把我從門廳帶進(jìn)我的教室里邊去。

(8)along ,across ,through

①along:沿著

go along Zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing .

沿著中山路走然后在第二個(gè)十這路口向右拐。

②across:橫過(平面物體)

very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world .各個(gè)洲在地球表面緩緩漂移。

③through:貫通，通過

the students walked through the gate with uncle Wang .

學(xué)生們隨著王叔叔通過大門。

(9)to ,for ,from

①to:到達(dá)……地點(diǎn)(目的地)或方向

where’s jack? he has gone to London.杰克上哪了?他去倫敦了。

②for：表示目的，為了……

do you know what he comes here for ? 你知道他為什么來這兒嗎?

③from：從……地點(diǎn)起

how far is it from London to new york? 從倫敦到紐約有多遠(yuǎn)?

介詞的用法區(qū)別

⑴ 時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、at的用法區(qū)別：

表示時(shí)間時(shí), in表示在一段時(shí)間里(在將來時(shí)句子中則表示在一段時(shí)間之后), on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或者瞬間;

表示地點(diǎn)時(shí), in表示在某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi), on表示在某個(gè)平面上或與一個(gè)面相接觸,at則表示在某個(gè)具體的場所或地點(diǎn)。

如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)

I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七點(diǎn)鐘起床)

His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上)

He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在電影院)

⑵ after與in表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別：

“after+(具體時(shí)刻/從句)”表示“在…時(shí)刻之后”常用于一般時(shí)態(tài);“in+(一段時(shí)間)”表示“在(多久) 之后”,常用于將來時(shí)態(tài)。

如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他說他六點(diǎn)鐘之后會(huì)來這兒)

My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父親大約一個(gè)月以后從英國回來)

⑶ since與for表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別：

“since+(具體時(shí)刻/that-從句)”表示“自從…起一直到現(xiàn)在”,“for +(一段時(shí)間)”表示“總共有…之久”,都常用于完成時(shí)態(tài);

如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自從1970年起就在這家工廠工作了)

Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在這家工廠已經(jīng)工作了30多年)

⑷ by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別：

都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個(gè)交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動(dòng)句中可以表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;in表示“使用”某種語言/文字,with表示“使用”某個(gè)具體的工具、手段。

如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)

Please write that article(文章) in English.(請你用英語寫那篇文章)

Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我們打的去動(dòng)物園吧。)

It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍寫的)

⑸ about與on的用法區(qū)別：

都可以表示“有關(guān)…”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示“有關(guān)…(專題/課程)”。

如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(湯姆要作一個(gè)美國歷史的報(bào)告)

They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他們興致勃勃地談?wù)撝�即將來到的野外旅�?

⑹ through與across、over的用法區(qū)別：

through指“穿過…(門洞/人群/樹林)”; across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過…”時(shí)只能用over.

如：Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那時(shí)一只老鼠跑過路面)

There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座橋)

They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他們翻過大山提前到達(dá)了那里)

The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(參觀者們穿過一個(gè)大門來到另一個(gè)公園)

(7)as與like的區(qū)別：

兩個(gè)詞都表示“像……”,但是as譯為“作為……”,表示的是職業(yè)、職務(wù)、作用等事實(shí),而like譯為“像……一樣”,表示外表,不是事實(shí)。

如：Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父親的身份和你講話。)(說話者是聽者的父親)

Let me speak to you like a father.(讓我像一位父親一樣和你講話)(說話者不是聽者的父親)

(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區(qū)別：

at the end of…既可以表示時(shí)間也可以表示地點(diǎn),譯為“在…末;在…盡頭”,常與過去時(shí)連用;

by the end of…只能表示時(shí)間,譯為“在…前;到…為止”,常用于過去完成時(shí);

in the end與at last基本等義,表示“終于、最后”,通常用于過去時(shí);

to the end譯為“到…的終點(diǎn)為止”,前面往往有表示運(yùn)動(dòng)或連續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。

如：By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上學(xué)期期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了第三冊16個(gè)單元)

At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的盡頭你能找到一幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)

They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他們動(dòng)身去了北京)

In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最終在期末考試中考及格了)

We should go on with the work to the end.(我們應(yīng)該把工作干到底)

Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見一家郵電局)

(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區(qū)別：

for a moment“一會(huì)兒、片刻”(=for a while),常與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;

for the moment“暫時(shí)、目前”,常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí);in a moment“一會(huì)兒、立即、馬上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于將來時(shí);

at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

如：Please wait for a moment.(請稍等)

Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暫時(shí)就維持現(xiàn)狀吧!)

I’ll come back in a moment.(我過會(huì)兒回來)

I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)

(10)but的問題：

用介詞but引出另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí),要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形動(dòng)詞,前面沒有do時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞要加to。

如：I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等)

They had no choice but to fight.(他們沒有選擇只有戰(zhàn)斗)

(11) except，except for，besides，other than，apart from的區(qū)別

1.except和besides都可解作“除……之外”，但含義不同，except表示“從所提到的人或事物中除去，即從整體中除去一部分”，表示遞減的概念，含義是否定的。besides表示“除了……之外,還有……”，指“在整體中加入一部分”，表示遞加的概念，含義是肯定的。

試比較：

①We all went except him.

除他之外,我們都去了.(他沒有去)

②We all went besides him.

除他之外,我們大家也都去了.(他也去了)

(1)besides常與other/more/else等詞連用，except常與all/every/everyone/none/nobody/everything/nothing等總括詞連用。

e.g. He had other people to take care of besides me.

All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.

(2)若句中沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，except后接動(dòng)詞不定式，要加上to，而besides后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式.

Had no choice except to obey/besides obeying his order.

(3)若句中有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，二者后面都可以接動(dòng)詞原形。

She has nothing to do except/besides go with him.

(4)二者后面都可以接從句.

①Besides that he explained the theory he gave us some examples.

②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.

(5)except后面可接for(構(gòu)成短語except for)或其他介詞短語，而besides不能。

except for主要有三層含義：

①表示對整體主要部分的肯定和對局部的否定?起部分修正主要意思的作用.

Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.

②表示非同類事物進(jìn)行比較.

The street is empty except for several cars.

③置于句首,表達(dá)except的含義.

Except for this，everything is in order.

except for后接名(代)詞，可以轉(zhuǎn)移為except+從句或其他介詞短語.

The climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains;except that it sometimes rains;except on the rainy days)

注意：二者用于否定句時(shí)含義相同,意思是一樣的.

He did nothing besides (=except) this.

除這件事外,他什么事也沒做.

2.apart from兼有besides和except for兩種含義,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞.

3.but含義與except相同,都表示遞減的概念，二者在多數(shù)情況下可以互換，但用法稍有區(qū)別。

①except可以代替but，但but并不一定都可以代替except。如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代詞或疑問詞時(shí),多用but，后跟賓語從句時(shí),多用except.

②but for含義有時(shí)與except for相同,但主要表示“要不是……”,常用于虛擬句,表示一種假設(shè).

③but位置的變化會(huì)引起人稱代詞主、賓格的變化.

No one but I (=except me) knows it.

No one knows it but me (=except me).

4.other than含義與except/but相同,都表示從總體中除去一部分，后接名詞、代詞或不定式.

In that case，there is nothing you can do other than wait.(2001年上海春季高考題)

常用介詞的用法比較講解視頻

介詞相關(guān)的其他視頻

介詞用法講解

高考重點(diǎn)詞組講解三--借助介詞副詞的詞組記憶PART1

高考重點(diǎn)詞組講解三--借助介詞副詞的詞組記憶PART2

介詞(Prepositions)的用法

介詞的用法

常用介詞的用法比較練習(xí)題

1.I know nothing about the young lady___she is from Beijing.(2000年上海高考題)

A.except B.except for

C.except that D.besides

2.The suit fitted him well___the colour was a little brighter.(2000年上海春季高考題)

A.except for B.except that

C.except when D.besides

3.He did have nothing to eat but_____.

A.to steal some food from the shop

B.to rob some food of the shop

C.steal some food from the shop

D.rob some food of the shop

4.Jane was quite alone in the world____an aunt in Brazil.

A.except B.except for

C.besides D.instead of

5.____being a little large?the hat looks nice.

A.Apart from B.Except

C.But D.Besides for

6.In no country___Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

A.other than B.anything that

C.more than D.rather than

7.He gets up early every day___Sunday.

A.besides B.except for

C.except that D.except

8.We need fifteen more people______our team to do the job.

A.besides B.except for

C.except that D.except

Key：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A

6.A 7.D 8.A

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