常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤示例--介詞

 

　�。壅`］ We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.

 

　�。壅�］ We got to the top of the mountain at day break.

 

　　［析］ at用于具體時(shí)刻之前，如：sunrise， midday， noon， sunset， midnight， night.

 

　　［誤］ Don’t sleep at daytime

 

　�。壅�］ Don’t sleep in daytime.

 

　　［析］ in 要用于較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，如：in the morning / afternoon， 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。

 

　�。壅`］ We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.

 

　�。壅�］ We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.

 

　�。畚觯� in the morning， in the afternoon 如果在這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on， 如：on a cold morning， on the morning of July 14th

 

　�。壅`］ He became a writter at his twenties

 

　　［正］ He became a writter in his twenties

 

　　［析］這句話應(yīng)譯為：他在20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in來(lái)表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at來(lái)表示。

 

　　［誤］ He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.

 

　�。壅�］ He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.

 

　�。畚觯� 在具體年歲前用at， 如：at the age of 12， at your age，等等。

 

　�。壅`］ We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.

 

　�。壅�］ We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.

 

　�。畚觯� 具體某一天要用介詞on， 又如：on New Year‘s Day

 

　�。壅`］ I’m looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.

 

　�。壅�］ I’m looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.

 

　�。畚觯菰诠�(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on，而全部節(jié)日期間用at，Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。

 

　　［誤］ I haven’t see you during the summer holidays.

 

　�。壅�］ I haven’t seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.

 

　�。畚觯� during表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段時(shí)間，可以用于完成時(shí)，如：I haven‘t see you for a long time. 而through 用來(lái)表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為“整整，全部的時(shí)間”。如：It rained through the night.而since則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間，一般要與完成時(shí)連用。

 

　�。壅`］ At entering the classroom， I heard the good news.

 

　　［正］ On entering the classroom， I heard the good news.

 

　�。畚觯� On 加動(dòng)名詞表示“一……就”。本句的譯文應(yīng)是：我一進(jìn)入教室就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)好消息了。又如：on hearing… 一聽(tīng)見(jiàn)， on arrival 一到達(dá)就……（on表示動(dòng)作的名詞）

 

　�。壅`］ In the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories.

 

　�。壅�］ At the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories.

 

　�。畚觯� at the begining與at the end都是指某事物的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時(shí)間范圍，而in the beginning 則是指開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間。in the end＝at last是指“最終，終于”之意。

 

　�。壅`］ Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.

 

　　［正］ By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.

 

　�。畚觯� by 引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn)，其意思為“不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完”，所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，如：I‘ll be there by five o’clock.而till則表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻，但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如：I won‘t finish this work till（until） next weekend.

 

　�。壅`］ He came to London before last weekend.

 

　　［正］ He had come to London before last weekend.

 

　�。壅�］ He came to London two weeks ago.

 

　　［析］ before 一般要與完成時(shí)連用，而ago則與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。

 

　　［誤］ I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.

 

　�。壅�］ I have studied English for three years since I came here.

 

　　［析］ since用來(lái)表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間，所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí)，而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)

 

　�。壅`］ I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.

 

　�。壅�］ I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.

 

　�。畚觯葜形慕�(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來(lái)取，兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好，而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二，①after 多用于過(guò)去時(shí)，如：I arrived in New York. After three days， I found a job in the bank. ② after 加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍，如：after three days， 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí)，一定要用介詞in.

 

　　［誤］ Three days after he died.

 

　�。壅�］ After three days he died.

 

　　［正］ Three days later he died.

 

　�。畚觯� after 與 later都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after 在時(shí)間詞前，而later在時(shí)間詞后。

 

　�。壅`］ She hid herself after the tree.

 

　　［正］ She hid herself behind the tree.

 

　�。畚觯� after多用來(lái)表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后，所以有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)中稱(chēng)它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework， I went to see a film. 而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。

 

　�。壅`］ There is a beautiful bird on the tree.

 

　�。壅�］ There is a beautiful bird in the tree.

 

　�。畚觯� 樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí)，樹(shù)葉要用on， 而其他外來(lái)的人、物體均要用in the tree.

 

　�。壅`］ Shanghai is on the east of China.

 

　�。壅�］ Shanghai is in the east of China.

 

　�。畚觯� 在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3個(gè)介詞：in， on， to. in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)； on表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to則表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.

 

　�。壅`］ I arrived at New York on July 2nd.

 

　�。壅�］ I arrived in New York on July 2nd.

 

　�。畚觯� at用來(lái)表達(dá)較小的地方，而in用來(lái)表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于at the school gate， at home， at a bus stop， at the station， at the cinema， at a small village.

 

　�。壅`］ He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.

 

　�。壅�］ He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.

 

　　［析］ 在門(mén)牌號(hào)碼前要用at， 并要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the street， at the foot of the mountain， at the top of the page.

 

　�。壅`］ There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.

 

　�。壅�］ There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.

 

　�。畚觯� 在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in，而墻的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.

 

　�。壅`］ This weekend I’ll stay in Uncle Wang’s.

 

　�。壅�］ This weekend I’ll stay at Uncle Wang’s.

 

　�。畚觯� 要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法，如：at a tailor’s shop （裁縫店）＝at a tailor’s， at the doctor’s （去看病） at the bookseller’s （在書(shū)店） at uncle Wang’s （在王叔叔家）

 

　�。壅`］ Do you know there is some good news on today’s newspaper？

 

　　［正］ Do you know there is some good news in today’s newspaper？

 

　�。畚觯� 在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in， 而在具體某一版上，或某一頁(yè)上則要用on.

 

　�。壅`］ The school will begin on September 1st.

 

　�。壅�］ School will begin on September 1st.

 

　　［析］這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開(kāi)學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞，如：at table （吃飯）， When I came to Tom’s home， they were at table. 還有： at desk （學(xué)習(xí)），at work （工作） at school （上學(xué)）， in hospital （住醫(yī)院） at church 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：at the school 即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，in the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。